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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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poland.3
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Government
Long-form name: Republic of Poland.
Type: democratic state.
Capital: Warsaw.
Administrative divisions: 49 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular--
wojewodztwo); Biala Podlaska, Bialystok, Bielsko-Biala, Bydgoszcz,
Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Elblag, Gdansk, Gorzow Wielkopolski,
Jelenia Gora, Kalisz, Katowice, Kielce, Konin, Koszalin,
Krakow, Krosno, Legnica, Leszno, Lodz, Lomza, Lublin, Nowy
Sacz, Olsztyn, Opole, Ostroleka, Pila, Piotrkow, Plock,
Poznan, Przemysl, Radom, Rzeszow, Siedlce, Sieradz, Skierniewice,
Slupsk, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnow, Torun, Walbrzych,
Warszawa, Wloclawek, Wroclaw, Zamosc, Zielona Gora.
Independence: 11 November 1918, independent republic proclaimed.
Constitution: the Communist-imposed Constitution of 22 July 1952
will be replaced by a democratic Constitution before May 1991.
Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and
Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.
National holiday: National Liberation Day, 22 July (1952)
will probably be replaced by Constitution Day, 3 May (1794).
Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of
Ministers (cabinet).
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlament) consists
of an upper house or Senate (Senat) and a lower house or
National Assembly (Sejm).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court.
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Gen. Wojciech JARUZELSKI (since
19 July 1989, Chairman of Council of State since 6 November 1985);
Head of Government--Premier Tadeusz MAZOWIECKI (since
24 August 1989).
Political parties and leaders: Center-right agrarian parties--
Polish Peasant Party (PSL, known unofficially as PSL-Wilanowska),
Gen. Franciszek Kaminski, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Solidarity,
Josef Slisz, chairman; Polish Peasant Party-Rebirth (formerly the
United Peasant Party), Kazimirrz Olrsiak, chairman;
Other center-right parties--National Party, Bronislaw Ekert,
chairman; Christian National Union, Urrslaw Chnzanowski,
chairman; Christian Democratic Labor Party, Wladyslaw Sila
Nowicki, chairman; Democratic Party, Jerzy Jozwiak, chairman;
Center-left parties--Polish Socialist Party, Jan Jozef
Lipski, chairman;
Left-wing parties--Polish Socialist Party-Democratic Revolution;
Other--Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (formerly
the Communist Party or Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR),
Aleksander Kwasnuewski, chairman; Union of the Social Democracy
of the Republic of Poland (breakaway faction of the PZPR),
Tadrusz Fiszbach, chairman.
Suffrage: universal at age 18.
Elections:
Senate--last held 4 and 18 June 1989 (next to be held June 1993);
results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(100 total)
Solidarity 99, independent 1;
National Assembly--last held 4 and 18 June 1989 (next to
be held June 1993); results--percent of vote by party NA;
seats--(460 total) Communists 173, Solidarity 161, Polish
Peasant Party 76, Democratic Party 27, Christian National
Union 23; note--rules governing the election limited Solidarity's
share of the vote to 35% of the seats; future elections
are to be freely contested.
Communists: 70,000 members in the Communist successor party (1990).
Other political or pressure groups: powerful Roman Catholic
Church; Confederation for an Independent Poland (KPN), a
nationalist group; Solidarity (trade union); All Poland
Trade Union Alliance (OPZZ), populist program; Clubs of
Catholic Intellectuals (KIKs); Freedom and Peace (WiP),
a pacifist group; Independent Student Union (NZS).
Member of: CCC, CEMA, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, IAEA,
IBEC, ICAO, ICES, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU,
UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, Warsaw Pact, WIPO, WMO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Jan KINAST; Chancery
at 2640 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202)
234-3800 through 3802; there are Polish Consulates General
in Chicago and New York; US--Ambassador-designate Thomas
SIMONS, Jr.; Embassy at Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, Warsaw
(mailing address is APO New York 09213); telephone [48]
283041 through 283049; there is a US Consulate General in
Krakow and a Consulate in Poznan.
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red--a
crowned eagle is to be added; similar to the flags of Indonesia
and Monaco which are red (top) and white.